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Neural Polar Decoders (NPDs) [14] are an advancement in channel coding that combine neural networks (NNs) with polar codes, providing unified decoding for channels with or without memory, without requiring an explicit channel model. They use four neural networks to approximate the functions of polar decoding: the embedding (E) NN, the check ...
The series of cutpoints is determined by a pseudo-random sequence. Channels were decoded using a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) sequence stored on a smart card (aka Viewing Card). To decode a channel the decoder would read the smart card to check if the card is authorised for the specific channel. If not, a message would appear on screen.
Health communication is an area of research that focuses on the scope and implications of meaningful expressions and messages in situations or circumstances associated with health and health care. [10] Health communication is considered an interdisciplinary field of research, encompassing medical science, public health, and communication studies.
[9] [15] The process of encoding translates the message into a signal that can be conveyed using a channel. The channel is the sensory route on which the signal travels. For example, expressing one's thoughts in a speech encodes them as sounds, which are transmitted using air as a channel. Decoding is the reverse process of encoding: it happens ...
The channel is the means used to send the message. The receiver is the audience for whom the message is intended. They have to decode it to understand it. [4] [30] Despite the emphasis on only four basic components, Berlo initially identifies a total of six components. The two additional components are encoder and decoder. [31]
It aired on the Lifetime cable channel in the United States from 1983 to 1993. Co-owned with the network by Hearst-ABC/Viacom Entertainment Services (HAVES), LMT was the longest-running specialist program service for doctors at its closure.
A hardware viterbi decoder of punctured codes is commonly implemented in such a way: A depuncturer, which transforms the input stream into the stream which looks like an original (non punctured) stream with ERASE marks at the places where bits were erased.
Syndrome decoding is a highly efficient method of decoding a linear code over a noisy channel, i.e. one on which errors are made. In essence, syndrome decoding is minimum distance decoding using a reduced lookup table. This is allowed by the linearity of the code. [3]