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Constitution of Japan Preamble of the Constitution Overview Original title 日本國憲法 Jurisdiction Japan Presented 3 November 1946 Date effective 3 May 1947 System Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy Government structure Branches Three Head of state None [a] Chambers Bicameral Executive Cabinet, led by a Prime Minister Judiciary Supreme Court Federalism Unitary History First ...
The Constitution was drafted following the surrender of Japan in World War II. It came into effect on 3 May 1947 during the occupation of Japan by the Allies, which lasted until 28 April 1952. In its text, the state formally renounces the sovereign right of belligerency and aims at an international peace based on justice and order. The article ...
The Constitution of the Empire of Japan (Meiji Constitution) was enacted. This turned Japan into a quasi-absolute monarchy with a representative democracy. 1891: 28 October: 1891 Mino–Owari earthquake: A strongest recorded inland earthquake of Japan. 1894: 1 August: First Sino-Japanese War starts. 1895: 17 April
The Supreme Court of Japan (最高裁判所) is the court of last resort and has the power of Judicial review; as defined by the Constitution to be "the court of last resort with power to determine the constitutionality of any law, order, regulation or official act". [79]
The present national authorities and legal system are constituted upon the adoption of the Constitution of Japan in 1947. The Constitution contains thirty-three articles relating to human rights and articles providing for the separation of powers vested into three independent bodies: the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary. [29]
The emperor of Japan [d] [e] is the hereditary monarch and head of state of Japan. [6] [7] The emperor is defined by the Constitution of Japan as the symbol of the Japanese state and the unity of the Japanese people, his position deriving from "the will of the people with whom resides sovereign power". [8]
Japanese Imperial Rescript Establishing a Constitutional Form of Government by Emperor Meiji on 14 April 1875. Article 96 provides that amendments can be made to the Constitution if approved by super majority of two-thirds of both houses of the National Diet (the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors), and then by a simple majority in a popular referendum.
The Constitution of Japan, adopted in 1947, is the oldest unamended constitution in the world. [122] Statutory law originates in the legislature, and the constitution requires that the emperor promulgate legislation passed by the Diet without giving him the power to oppose legislation.