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The XNOR gate (sometimes ENOR, EXNOR, NXOR, XAND and pronounced as Exclusive NOR) is a digital logic gate whose function is the logical complement of the Exclusive OR gate. [1] It is equivalent to the logical connective ( ↔ {\displaystyle \leftrightarrow } ) from mathematical logic , also known as the material biconditional.
An XNOR gate is a basic comparator, because its output is "1" only if its two input bits are equal. The analog equivalent of digital comparator is the voltage comparator . Many microcontrollers have analog comparators on some of their inputs that can be read or trigger an interrupt .
A standard LFSR has a single XOR or XNOR gate, where the input of the gate is connected to several "taps" and the output is connected to the input of the first flip-flop. A MISR has the same structure, but the input to every flip-flop is fed through an XOR/XNOR gate. For example, a 4-bit MISR has a 4-bit parallel output and a 4-bit parallel input.
There are essentially seven basic logic functions implemented as logic gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR. A chaotic morphing logic gate consists of a generic nonlinear circuit that exhibits chaotic dynamics producing various patterns. A control mechanism is used to select patterns that correspond to different logic gates.
The 3-input Fredkin gate is functionally complete reversible gate by itself – a sole sufficient operator. There are many other three-input universal logic gates, such as the Toffoli gate. In quantum computing, the Hadamard gate and the T gate are universal, albeit with a slightly more restrictive definition than that of functional completeness.
A single NOR gate. A NOR gate or a NOT OR gate is a logic gate which gives a positive output only when both inputs are negative.. Like NAND gates, NOR gates are so-called "universal gates" that can be combined to form any other kind of logic gate.
An entire processor can be created using NOR gates alone. The original Apollo Guidance Computer used 4,100 integrated circuits (IC), each one containing only two 3-input NOR gates. [3] As NAND gates are also functionally complete, if no specific NOR gates are available, one can be made from NAND gates using NAND logic. [2]
The gate is called XNOR because it is a NOR gate with an added twist. With NOR, if either or both inputs is 1, the output is 0. With XNOR, the "exclusive" condition is added to that, so that with XNOR, the output is 0 only if exactly one input is 1. With XNOR, the "both inputs 1" condition is excluded from producing the active output, namely 0.