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Calcium hydroxide is modestly soluble in water, as seen for many dihydroxides. Its solubility increases from 0.66 g/L at 100 °C to 1.89 g/L at 0 °C. [8] Its solubility product K sp of 5.02 × 10 −6 at 25 °C, [1] its dissociation in water is large enough that its solutions are basic according to the following dissolution reaction:
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Calcium oxide that survives processing without reacting in building products, such as cement, is called free lime. [5] Quicklime is relatively inexpensive. Both it and the chemical derivative calcium hydroxide (of which quicklime is the base anhydride) are important commodity chemicals.
A Assuming an altitude of 194 metres above mean sea level (the worldwide median altitude of human habitation), an indoor temperature of 23 °C, a dewpoint of 9 °C (40.85% relative humidity), and 760 mmHg sea level–corrected barometric pressure (molar water vapor content = 1.16%).
Units of solubility are given in grams of substance per 100 millilitres of water (g/(100 mL)), unless shown otherwise. The substances are listed in alphabetical order. The substances are listed in alphabetical order.
Melting point: 1115 K (842 °C ... Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH) 2, is a strong base, though not as strong as the hydroxides of strontium, barium or the alkali metals. [17]
The Gmelin rare earths handbook lists 1522 °C and 1550 °C as two melting points given in the literature, the most recent reference [Handbook on the chemistry and physics of rare earths, vol.12 (1989)] is given with 1529 °C.
The reaction of calcium carbide with water, producing acetylene and calcium hydroxide, [5] was discovered by Friedrich Wöhler in 1862. CaC 2 + 2H 2 O → C 2 H 2 + Ca(OH) 2 (aq) This reaction was the basis of the industrial manufacture of acetylene, and is the major industrial use of calcium carbide.