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Influenza viruses are members of the family Orthomyxoviridae. [2] Influenza viruses A, B, C, and D represent the four antigenic types of influenza viruses. [3] Of the four antigenic types, influenza A virus is the most severe, influenza B virus is less severe but can still cause outbreaks, and influenza C virus is usually only associated with minor symptoms.
[23] [26] Influenza D virus is distantly related to influenza C virus. While cattle workers have occasionally tested positive to prior influenza D virus infection, it is not known to cause disease in humans. [1] [11] [12] Influenza C virus and influenza D virus experience a slower rate of antigenic evolution than influenza A virus and influenza ...
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Influenza affects both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. [citation needed] Antibiotics are the first line treatment for pneumonia; however, they are neither effective nor indicated for parasitic or viral infections. Acute bronchitis typically resolves on its own with time. [citation needed] In 2015 there were about 291 million cases. [1]
In 2012, the NIHE provided the H5N1 bird flu virus to researchers who transformed it and used the product to infect ferrets. [2]On March 22, 2017, the Japan International Cooperation Agency signed an agreement with the government of Vietnam so that the Japanese could transfer BSL3 technology to, among others, the NIHE.
A public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC / f eɪ k / FAYK) is a formal declaration by the World Health Organization (WHO) of "an extraordinary event which is determined to constitute a public health risk to other States through the international spread of disease and to potentially require a coordinated international response", formulated when a situation arises that is ...
There are four different types of influenza virus: A, B, C, and D. Influenza C usually causes only mild illness while D mostly affects animals, especially cattle.
Her first clinical trials, which were in 2008, made use of the Influenza A virus subtype H3N2, and included daily monitoring of the patient's symptoms. [ 22 ] [ 23 ] It was the first study that it was possible to stimulate T cells in response to a flu virus, and that this stimulation would protect people from getting the flu. [ 22 ]