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Crisis management is the process by which an organization deals with a disruptive and unexpected event that threatens to harm the organization or its stakeholders. [1] The study of crisis management originated with large-scale industrial and environmental disasters in the 1980s.
David Wilkinson gives a thorough history of the hypothesis in his paper titled, "The disturbing history of the intermediate disturbance". [2] In this paper, he explains that the idea of disturbance relating to species richness can be traced back to the 1940s in Eggeling 1947, [7] Watt 1947, [8] and Tansley 1949. [9]
Some of the later 20th-century developments include the theory of constraints (introduced in 1984), management by objectives (systematized in 1954), re-engineering (the early 1990s), Six Sigma (1986), management by walking around (1970s), the Viable system model (1972), and various information-technology-driven theories such as agile software ...
This disturbance rejection feature allows users to treat the considered system with a simpler model insofar as the negative effects of modeling uncertainty are compensated in real time. As a result, the operator does not need a precise analytical description of the base system; one can model the unknown parts of the dynamics as internal ...
In the subject area of control theory, an internal model is a process that simulates the response of the system in order to estimate the outcome of a system disturbance. The internal model principle was first articulated in 1976 by B. A. Francis and W. M. Wonham [1] as an explicit formulation of the Conant and Ashby good regulator theorem. [2]
A Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS – also called a Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale) is a scale ranging from 0 to 10 measuring the subjective intensity of disturbance or distress currently experienced by an individual. [1] Respondents provide a self report of where they are on the scale.
The control laws may be represented by high order transfer functions required to simultaneously accomplish desired disturbance rejection performance with the robust closed-loop operation. High-gain feedback is the principle that allows simplified models of operational amplifiers and emitter-degenerated bipolar transistors to be used in a ...
Psychodynamic models of emotional and behavioral disorders originated in a Freudian psychoanalytic theory which posits that emotional damage occurs when the child's need for safety, affection, acceptance, and self-esteem has been effectively thwarted by the parent (or primary caregiver).