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Thyroid disease is a medical condition that affects the structure and/or function of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck and produces thyroid hormones [ 1 ] that travel through the blood to help regulate many other organs, meaning that it is an endocrine organ .
Fibrous tissue may be found throughout the affected thyroid as well. [5] In late stages of the disease, the thyroid may be atrophic. [10] Severe thyroid atrophy presents often with denser fibrotic bands of collagen that remains within the confines of the thyroid capsule. [60]
Disease Discoverer 2600 BC: Malaria [1] 1900 BC: Rabies: 1600 BC: Cancer: Hippocrates: ca 300: Dengue: Jin Dynasty (266–420) 9th century: Measles: Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi: 14th century: African trypanosomiasis: First described by Arab traders [2] 1798: Color blindness: John Dalton: 1798: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: John Dalton: 1881 ...
Consistent with this hypothesis, autoantibodies to alpha-enolase have been found to be associated with Hashimoto's encephalopathy. [3] Since enolase is the penultimate step in glycolysis , if it were inhibited (for example by being bound by autoantibodies), one would expect decreased energy production by each cell, leading to resulting atrophy ...
Hakaru Hashimoto (橋本 策, Hashimoto Hakaru, May 5, 1881 – January 9, 1934) [1] [2] was a Japanese doctor and medical scientist of the Meiji and Taishō periods.He is best known for publishing the first description of the disease that was later named Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
The presence and diseases of the thyroid have been noted and treated for thousands of years. [91] In 1600 BCE burnt sponge and seaweed (which contain iodine) were used within China for the treatment of goitres, a practice which has developed in many parts of the world.
In 1971, the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) radioimmunoassay was developed, which was the most specific marker for assessing thyroid status in patients. [82] Many people who were being treated based on basal metabolic rate, minimizing hypothyroid symptoms, or based on serum protein-bound iodine, were found to have excessive thyroid hormone. [82]
The disease has a natural history of four phases: thyroid pain, thyrotoxicosis, euthyroid phase, hypothyroid phase, and recovery euthyroid phase. De Quervain's thyroiditis has been linked to various diseases, including mumps , adenovirus , and enterovirus .