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In the prefrontal cortex, this treatment resulted in an increase of the oxidative DNA damage 8-oxodG, a decrease in the enzyme OGG1 that ordinarily repairs such damage, and an increase in epigenetic alterations. These alterations, at the DNA level, may explain, at least in part, the impairments of cognitive function after chemotherapy. [23]
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) describes a set of highly-related glycoproteins involved in cell adhesion. CEA is normally produced in gastrointestinal tissue during fetal development, but the production stops before birth. Consequently, CEA is usually present at very low levels in the blood of healthy adults (about 2–4 ng/mL). [2]
Laboratory tumor lysis syndrome: abnormality in two or more of the following, occurring within three days before or seven days after chemotherapy. uric acid > 8 mg/dL or 25% increase; potassium > 6 meq/L or 25% increase; phosphate > 4.5 mg/dL or 25% increase; calcium < 7 mg/dL or 25% decrease
When a malignant tumor is found by the presence of a tumor marker, the level of marker found in the body can be monitored to determine the state of the tumor and how it responds to treatment. If the quantity stays the same during treatment it can indicate that the treatment isn't working, and an alternative treatment should be considered.
It can also be increased in pregnant women. Because of the wide variety of conditions that can increase serum levels, CA-125 is not used to detect cancer, but it is often used to monitor responses to chemotherapy, relapse, and disease progression in ovarian cancer patients. [20]
CIPN involves various symptoms such as tingling, pain, and numbness in the hands and feet. [2] These symptoms can impair activities of daily living, such as typing or dressing, reduce balance, and increase risk of falls and hospitalizations. They can also give cause to reduce or discontinue chemotherapy.
Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA19-9 are often elevated, but are not sensitive or specific enough to be used as a general screening tool. They may be useful in conjunction with imaging methods in supporting a suspected diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma.
The objective of this study was to compare different tumor markers and their diagnostic value. The tumor markers tested in this experiment were CA 19-9, CA 242 and CEA tumor markers. The data revealed that although each marker have its own level of specificity and correspond to a cancer, all three makers together increase diagnostic value. [7]