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The mpox outbreak in Ghana is a part of the larger outbreak of human mpox caused by the West African clade of the monkeypox virus. As opposed to its West African neighbours, Ghana had no endemic presence of mpox, only experiencing it during the 2022 outbreak. The first 5 cases of mpox in Ghana was detected on June 8, 2022. [1]
The director of the Africa CDC, Ahmed Ogwell, said that Cameroon, Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Nigeria have reported 1,405 endemic cases with 62 deaths during the first five months of 2022. The case fatality rate in these four African countries combined was 4.4%. [44]
An epidemic of a new variant of clade I mpox (formerly known as monkeypox), called clade 1b, [2] began in Central Africa at least as early as September 2023. [3] [4] As of September 2024, more than 29,000 cases have been reported, with over 800 fatalities (~3% fatality rate), [1] nearly all in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. [5]
Health workers speak with patients inside a ward for women infected with mpox at the Kamenge University Hospital's Mpox treatment center in Bujumbura, Burundi, on Aug. 22, 2024.
The virus has been detected in Gambian pouched rats, dormice, and African squirrels, which are often used as food. [ 76 ] [ 1 ] Many more mpox cases have been reported in Central and West Africa, particularly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where 2,000 cases per year were recorded between 2011 and 2014.
In many places of Asia and Africa, hepatitis B has become endemic. [24] In addition, a person is sometimes infected with both hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV, and this population (about 2.7 million) accounts for about 1% of the total HBV infections. [23]
HIV was a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans in the early part of the 20th century, though it has now evolved into a separate human-only disease. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Human infection with animal influenza viruses is rare, as they do not transmit easily to or among humans. [ 8 ]
The monkeypox virus is a zoonotic virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus, which itself is a member of the family Poxviridae (also known as the poxvirus family). [9] Of note, the Orthopoxvirus genus includes the variola virus that prior to eradication via the advent of the smallpox vaccine, was the cause of the infectious human disease known as smallpox. [10]
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