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In computer file systems, a block allocation map is a data structure used to track disk blocks that are considered "in use". Blocks may also be referred to as allocation units or clusters. [1] CP/M used a block allocation map in its directory. Each directory entry could list 8 or 16 blocks (depending on disk format) that were allocated to a file.
The FAT file system is a file system used on MS-DOS and Windows 9x family of operating systems. [3] It continues to be used on mobile devices and embedded systems, and thus is a well-suited file system for data exchange between computers and devices of almost any type and age from 1981 through to the present.
Disk partitioning or disk slicing [1] is the creation of one or more regions on secondary storage, so that each region can be managed separately. [2] These regions are called partitions. It is typically the first step of preparing a newly installed disk after a partitioning scheme is chosen for the new disk before any file system is created.
In most cases, when a file is deleted, the entry in the file system metadata is removed but the actual data is still on the disk. File carving can be used to recover data from a hard disk where the metadata was removed or otherwise damaged. This process may be successful even after a drive is formatted or repartitioned.
A variety of popular file types can be found and carved. There is no way to add unknown file types. The file name is found in the deleted file search, but not in the lost file. This is because in most file systems the file name and date/times are stored on disk and are only marked for re-use by the system, and not completely removed. [2]
After a drive has been mapped, a software application on a client's computer can read and write files from the shared storage area by accessing that drive, just as if that drive represented a local physical hard disk drive. [1] [2]
The simplest form of free-space bitmap is a bit array, i.e. a block of bits.In this example, a zero would indicate a free sector, while a one indicates a sector in use. Each sector would be of fixed si
(Here, the block size is unimportant.) The remainder of the disk space is one free block. Thus, additional files can be created and saved after the file E. If the file B is deleted, a second region of ten blocks of free space is created, and the disk becomes fragmented.