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Hypocalcemia is a medical condition characterized by low calcium levels in the blood serum. [5] The normal range of blood calcium is typically between 2.1–2.6 mmol/L (8.8–10.7 mg/dL, 4.3–5.2 mEq/L), while levels less than 2.1 mmol/L are defined as hypocalcemic.
Total calcium of less than 8.0 mg/dL is hypocalcaemia, with levels below 1.59 mmol/L (6 mg/dL) generally fatal. Total calcium of more than 10.6 mg/dL is hypercalcaemia, with levels over 3.753 mmol/L (15.12 mg/dL) generally fatal.
The Chvostek sign (/ ˈ k v ɒ s t ɪ k /) is a clinical sign that someone may have a low blood calcium level (a decreased serum calcium, called hypocalcemia).The Chvostek sign is the abnormal twitching of muscles that are activated (innervated) by the facial nerve (also known as Cranial Nerve Seven, or CNVII). [1]
Neonatal hypocalcemia is an abnormal clinical and laboratory hypocalcemia condition that is frequently observed in infants. It is commonly presented within the first 72 hours of a newborn's life. [1]
Trousseau sign of latent tetany is a medical sign observed in patients with low calcium. [1] From 1 to 4 percent of normal patients will test positive for Trousseau's sign of latent tetany. [2]
Gitelman syndrome; Other names: Primary renal tubular hypokalemic hypomagnesemia with hypocalciuria: A model of transport mechanisms in the distal convoluted tubule.Sodium chloride (NaCl) enters the cell via the apical thiazide-sensitive NCC and leaves the cell through the basolateral Cl − channel (ClC-Kb), and the Na + /K +-ATPase.
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is an inherited condition that can cause hypercalcemia, a serum calcium level typically above 10.2 mg/dL; although uncommon. [1] It is also known as familial benign hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FBHH) where there is usually a family history of hypercalcemia which is mild, a urine calcium to creatinine ratio <0.01, and urine calcium <200 mg/day ...
Severity of symptoms is directly correlated with severity of hyponatremia and rapidness of onset. [3] General symptoms include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, confusion, agitation, and weakness. [ 14 ] [ 3 ] More concerning symptoms involve the central nervous system and include seizures, coma, and death due to brain herniation .