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  2. Additive white Gaussian noise - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additive_white_Gaussian_noise

    The AWGN channel is represented by a series of outputs at discrete-time event index . is the sum of the input and noise, , where is independent and identically distributed and drawn from a zero-mean normal distribution with variance (the noise).

  3. White noise - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_noise

    This model is called a Gaussian white noise signal (or process). In the mathematical field known as white noise analysis, a Gaussian white noise is defined as a stochastic tempered distribution, i.e. a random variable with values in the space ′ of tempered distributions.

  4. Pairwise error probability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pairwise_Error_Probability

    For the simple case of the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel: = +, ... For a zero mean, variance ...

  5. Gaussian noise - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_noise

    In signal processing theory, Gaussian noise, named after Carl Friedrich Gauss, is a kind of signal noise that has a probability density function (pdf) equal to that of the normal distribution (which is also known as the Gaussian distribution). [1] [2] In other words, the values that the noise can take are Gaussian-distributed.

  6. Eb/N0 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eb/N0

    Here an AWGN channel is assumed. In digital communication or data transmission, / (energy per bit to noise power spectral density ratio) is a normalized signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measure, also known as the "SNR per bit".

  7. Bit error rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_error_rate

    Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel without fading. A worst-case scenario is a completely random channel, where noise totally dominates over the useful signal. This results in a transmission BER of 50% (provided that a Bernoulli binary data source and a binary symmetrical channel are assumed, see below).

  8. Noise (electronics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_(electronics)

    Thermal noise is approximately white, meaning that its power spectral density is nearly equal throughout the frequency spectrum. The amplitude of the signal has very nearly a Gaussian probability density function. A communication system affected by thermal noise is often modelled as an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.

  9. Channel capacity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_capacity

    An application of the channel capacity concept to an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with B Hz bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio S/N is the Shannon–Hartley theorem: C = B log 2 ⁡ ( 1 + S N ) {\displaystyle C=B\log _{2}\left(1+{\frac {S}{N}}\right)\ }