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They are used to free IP addresses from a scarce IP address space or to reduce the management of assigning IP and configuration of interfaces. Previously, every link needed to dedicate a / 31 or / 30 subnet using 2 or 4 IP addresses per point-to-point link.
In a typical home or small-office setup, a single router is the only device visible to an Internet service provider (ISP), and the ISP may try to provide a configuration that is as stable as feasible, i.e. sticky. On the local network of the home or business, a local DHCP server may be designed to provide sticky IPv4 configurations, and the ISP ...
The default route in Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) is designated as the zero address, 0.0.0.0 / 0 in CIDR notation. [2] Similarly, in IPv6, the default route is specified by :: / 0. The subnet mask is specified as / 0, which effectively specifies all networks and is the shortest match possible. A route lookup that does not match any other ...
The simultaneous use of IPv4 addresses of different scope on the same interface, such as configuring link-local addresses as well as globally routable addresses, may lead to confusion and increased complexity. [1]: 1.9 Therefore, hosts search for a DHCP server on the network before assigning link-local addresses.
The default gateway can be specified by the route command to configure the node's routing table and default route. In a home or small office environment, the default gateway is a device, such as a DSL router or cable router , that connects the local network to the Internet.
Due to this the configuration may fail if there is no route to the provided gateway at the time of configuration, other than the connected route which will always succeed as it does not require a gateway. The gateway of a static route need not be an address, but can also specify an interface in most implementations.
Here is a typical configuration: A local network uses one of the designated private IP address subnets (RFC 1918 [4]). The network has a router having both a private and a public address. The private address is used by the router for communicating with other devices in the private local network.
The host has several network interfaces. eth0 is the interface name of the network interface card representing an Ethernet port. ppp0 is a PPPoE interface, which is configured as the default route in this example. A default route is recognized by the destination 0.0.0.0 and the flag G.