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When charged particles move in electric and magnetic fields the following two laws apply: Lorentz force law: = (+),; Newton's second law of motion: = =; where F is the force applied to the ion, m is the mass of the particle, a is the acceleration, Q is the electric charge, E is the electric field, and v × B is the cross product of the ion's velocity and the magnetic flux density.
Faraday discovered that when the same amount of electric current is passed through different electrolytes connected in series, the masses of the substances deposited or liberated at the electrodes are directly proportional to their respective chemical equivalent/equivalent weight (E). [3]
In chemistry, the electrochemical equivalent (Eq or Z) of a chemical element is the mass of that element (in grams) transported by a specific quantity of electricity, usually expressed in grams per coulomb of electric charge. [1] The electrochemical equivalent of an element is measured with a voltameter.
Formal charges in ozone and the nitrate anion. In chemistry, a formal charge (F.C. or q*), in the covalent view of chemical bonding, is the hypothetical charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, assuming that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally between atoms, regardless of relative electronegativity.
For example, replacing m with q (total charge) and m 0 with q 0 (charge of each object) in the above equation will lead to a correct expression for charge. The number density of solute molecules in a solvent is sometimes called concentration , although usually concentration is expressed as a number of moles per unit volume (and thus called ...
Molecular weight (MW) Valencies (V) Sample Reference Elemental mEq Elemental mEq to compound weight Potassium (reference) K 39.098 g/mol 1 (K +) 20 mEq potassium 20*39.098/1=782 mg Potassium citrate monohydrate C 6 H 7 K 3 O 8: 324.41 g/mol 3 (K +) Liquid potassium citrate/gluconate therapy for adults and teenagers taken two to four times a day [3]
An example provided in Slater's original paper is for the iron atom which has nuclear charge 26 and electronic configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 6 4s 2.The screening constant, and subsequently the shielded (or effective) nuclear charge for each electron is deduced as: [1]
Charge carrier density, also known as carrier concentration, denotes the number of charge carriers per volume. In SI units, it is measured in m −3. As with any density, in principle it can depend on position. However, usually carrier concentration is given as a single number, and represents the average carrier density over the whole material.