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Multiple vaccines are available (Duvaxyn EHV1,4, EquiGuard, EquiVac EHV-1/4, etc.), most in an inactivated virus form. [4] The Equine Herpesvirus occupies the horse in such a way that allows post infection viral persistency over the lifetime of an animal. These carrier horses may comprise up to half of a given horse population.
Additionally, the vaccine usually produces a very weak immune response, which may only lessen the severity of the disease rather than prevent it. [1] The vaccine is administered twice a year, in early spring and in early summer, with the first one inoculation given before the mayflies emerge and the second administered as a booster.
The inactivated vaccine contain a low antigen load and are made to help protect against the respiratory symptoms, the performance of the inactivated vaccines is variable and does not work for all. [4] The modified live vaccine is made to vaccinate healthy horses 3 months or older, to help prevent the respiratory symptoms caused by EHV-1.
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A vaccine is available for horses. [1] This vaccine is an inactivated vaccine that uses the TC-83 strain of EEEV. [13] It is usually given in combination with vaccines for Western equine encephalitis (WEE), Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE), and tetanus, [4] and is also used by
Equine influenza is characterized by a very high rate of transmission among horses, and has a relatively short incubation time of one to three days. [6] Clinical signs of equine influenza include fever (up to 106 °F [41 °C]), nasal discharge, have a dry, hacking cough, depression, loss of appetite and weakness. [6]
Unlike Eastern equine encephalitis, the overall mortality of WEE is low (approximately 4%) and is associated mostly with infection in the elderly. Approximately 15–20% of horses that acquire the virus will die or be put down. [3] There is no human vaccine for WEE and there are no licensed therapeutic drugs in the U.S. for this infection.
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is a mosquito-borne viral pathogen that causes Venezuelan equine encephalitis or encephalomyelitis (VEE). VEE can affect all equine species, such as horses, donkeys, and zebras. After infection, equines may suddenly die or show progressive central nervous system disorders. Humans also can contract this disease.
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