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New techniques have allowed additional defects to be treated and for less invasive forms of fetal surgical intervention. The first two percutaneous ultrasound-guided fetal balloon valvuloplasties , a type of fetal surgery for severe aortic valve obstruction in the heart, were reported in 1991. [ 13 ]
Hysterotomy is a technique used during fetal surgery to access the fetus in the pregnant uterus in order to treat a birth defect such as spina bifida. [13] A standard hysterotomy remains the gold-standard for the closure of a fetal spina bifida because it is the safest and most effective when compared to mini-hysterectomies and a percutaneous ...
While reconstructive surgery is most often undertaken to regain normal motor function or prevent current or future health problems, aesthetics is also considered by the surgical team. [2] Several of the most common congenital birth defects can be treated by a plastic surgeon operating as an individual, or as a part of a multi-disciplinary team.
The Fetal Treatment Center at the University of California, San Francisco is a multidisciplinary care center dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term follow-up of fetal birth defects. It combines the talents of specialists in pediatric surgery , genetics, obstetrics / perinatology , radiology , nursing , and neonatal medicine.
Intersex medical interventions (IMI), sometimes known as intersex genital mutilations (IGM), [1] are surgical, hormonal and other medical interventions performed to modify atypical or ambiguous genitalia and other sex characteristics, primarily for the purposes of making a person's appearance more typical and to reduce the likelihood of future problems.
Modern ideas of medicalization of intersex and birth defects can be traced to French anatomist Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1805–1861), who pioneered the field of teratology. Since the 1920s, surgeons have attempted to "fix" an increasing variety of conditions. Success has often been partial and surgery is often associated with minor or ...
Surgical intervention Cloacal exstrophy ( CE ) is a severe birth defect wherein much of the abdominal organs (the bladder and intestines ) are exposed. It often causes the splitting of the bladder, genitalia , and the anus .
Atrial septostomy is a surgical procedure in which a small hole is created between the upper two chambers of the heart, the atria.This procedure is primarily used to palliate dextro-Transposition of the great arteries or d-TGA (often imprecisely called transposition of the great arteries), a life-threatening cyanotic congenital heart defect seen in infants.