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  2. Introduction to evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_evolution

    Download as PDF; Printable version; ... evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, ... [12] [13] Darwin noted that ...

  3. Timeline of the evolutionary history of life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the...

    Beginning of animal evolution. [54] [55] 720–630 Ma Possible global glaciation [56] [57] which increased the atmospheric oxygen and decreased carbon dioxide, and was either caused by land plant evolution [58] or resulted in it. [59] Opinion is divided on whether it increased or decreased biodiversity or the rate of evolution. [60] [61] [62 ...

  4. Modern synthesis (20th century) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_synthesis_(20th...

    Charles Darwin's 1859 book, On the Origin of Species, convinced most biologists that evolution had occurred, but not that natural selection was its primary mechanism. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, variations of Lamarckism (inheritance of acquired characteristics), orthogenesis (progressive evolution), saltationism (evolution by jumps) and mutationism (evolution driven by mutations ...

  5. History of life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_life

    The history of life on Earth traces the processes by which living and extinct organisms evolved, from the earliest emergence of life to the present day. Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago (abbreviated as Ga, for gigaannum) and evidence suggests that life emerged prior to 3.7 Ga. [1] [2] [3] The similarities among all known present-day species indicate that they have diverged through the ...

  6. Evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution

    As evolution became widely accepted in the 1870s, caricatures of Charles Darwin with an ape or monkey body symbolised evolution. [ 344 ] In the 19th century, particularly after the publication of On the Origin of Species in 1859, the idea that life had evolved was an active source of academic debate centred on the philosophical, social and ...

  7. Outline of evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_evolution

    Macroevolution – Evolution on a scale at or above the level of species . Speciation – Evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species ...

  8. Tree of life (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_of_life_(biology)

    The tree of life or universal tree of life is a metaphor, conceptual model, and research tool used to explore the evolution of life and describe the relationships between organisms, both living and extinct, as described in a famous passage in Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859). [1]

  9. History of evolutionary thought - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_evolutionary...

    12 Notes. 13 References. 14 ... Download as PDF; Printable version ... This photo from Henry Fairfield Osborn's 1917 book Origin and Evolution of Life shows models ...