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  2. Ranking (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranking_(statistics)

    The distribution of values in decreasing order of rank is often of interest when values vary widely in scale; this is the rank-size distribution (or rank-frequency distribution), for example for city sizes or word frequencies. These often follow a power law. Some ranks can have non-integer values for tied data values.

  3. Rank–size distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rank–size_distribution

    Rank–size distribution is the distribution of size by rank, in decreasing order of size. For example, if a data set consists of items of sizes 5, 100, 5, and 8, the rank-size distribution is 100, 8, 5, 5 (ranks 1 through 4). This is also known as the rankfrequency distribution, when the source data are from a frequency distribution. These ...

  4. Order statistic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_statistic

    In this section we show that the order statistics of the uniform distribution on the unit interval have marginal distributions belonging to the beta distribution family. We also give a simple method to derive the joint distribution of any number of order statistics, and finally translate these results to arbitrary continuous distributions using ...

  5. Zipf's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipf's_law

    A plot of the frequency of each word as a function of its frequency rank for two English language texts: Culpeper's Complete Herbal (1652) and H. G. Wells's The War of the Worlds (1898) in a log-log scale. The dotted line is the ideal law y ∝ ⁠ 1 / x ⁠

  6. Ranking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranking

    For example, if the numerical data 3.4, 5.1, 2.6, 7.3 are observed, the ranks of these data items would be 2, 3, 1 and 4 respectively. As another example, the ordinal data hot, cold, warm would be replaced by 3, 1, 2. In these examples, the ranks are assigned to values in ascending order, although descending ranks can also be used.

  7. Letter frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_frequency

    Letter frequency as a function of rank can be fitted well by several rank functions, with the two-parameter Cocho/Beta rank function being the best. [7] Another rank function with no adjustable free parameter also fits the letter frequency distribution reasonably well [ 8 ] (the same function has been used to fit the amino acid frequency in ...

  8. Percentile rank - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentile_rank

    For example, 50 − 25 = 25 is not the same distance as 60 − 35 = 25 because of the bell-curve shape of the distribution. Some percentile ranks are closer to some than others. Percentile rank 30 is closer on the bell curve to 40 than it is to 20. If the distribution is normally distributed, the percentile rank can be inferred from the ...

  9. Zipf–Mandelbrot law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipf–Mandelbrot_law

    The distribution of words ranked by their frequency in a random text corpus is approximated by a power-law distribution, known as Zipf's law.. If one plots the frequency rank of words contained in a moderately sized corpus of text data versus the number of occurrences or actual frequencies, one obtains a power-law distribution, with exponent close to one (but see Powers, 1998 and Gelbukh ...