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Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS [7] (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, and public intellectual.
Bertrand Russell's theory of descriptions was initially put forth in his 1905 essay "On Denoting", published in the journal of philosophy Mind.Russell's theory is focused on the logical form of expressions involving denoting phrases, which he divides into three groups:
Russell's case, called the stopped clock case, goes as follows: [9] Alice sees a clock that reads two o'clock and believes that the time is two o'clock. It is, in fact, two o'clock. There's a problem, however: unknown to Alice, the clock she's looking at stopped twelve hours ago. Alice thus has an accidentally true, justified belief.
History of Western Philosophy [a] is a 1946 book by British philosopher Bertrand Russell (1872–1970). A survey of Western philosophy from the pre-Socratic philosophers to the early 20th century, each major division of the book is prefaced by an account of the historical background necessary to understand the currents of thought it describes. [1]
— Bertrand Russell, Autobiography of Bertrand Russell, pg. 36 Russell made an influential analysis of the omphalos hypothesis enunciated by Philip Henry Gosse —that any argument suggesting that the world was created as if it were already in motion could just as easily make it a few minutes old as a few thousand years:
The collection includes essays on the subjects of sociology, ethics and philosophy.In the eponymous essay, Russell displays a series of arguments and reasoning with the aim of stating how the 'belief in the virtue of labour causes great evils in the modern world, and that the road to happiness and prosperity lies instead in a diminution of labour' and how work 'is by no means one of the ...
In 1921, Bertrand Russell proposed the "Five-Minute Hypothesis" to demonstrate the arbitrariness of assigning a young age to the universe. There is no logical impossibility in the hypothesis that the world sprang into being five minutes ago, exactly as it then was, with a population that "remembered" a wholly unreal past.
It was in part pre-empted by Bertrand Russell's use of an unpublished version. [ 9 ] [ notes 4 ] In a 1922 review, Bertrand Russell , the co-author of Principia Mathematica , called it "undoubtedly the most important work on probability that has appeared for a very long time," and said that the "book as a whole is one which it is impossible to ...