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  2. Human genome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genome

    The human genome is a complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as the DNA within each of the 24 distinct chromosomes in the cell nucleus. A small DNA molecule is found within individual mitochondria. These are usually treated separately as the nuclear genome and the mitochondrial genome. [1]

  3. Genome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome

    Some eukaryotes have distinctive sex chromosomes, such as the X and Y chromosomes of mammals, so the technical definition of the genome must include both copies of the sex chromosomes. For example, the standard reference genome of humans consists of one copy of each of the 22 autosomes plus one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.

  4. Genomic DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomic_DNA

    When a cell is not dividing, chromosomes exist as loosely packed chromatin mesh. [3] The genome of an organism (encoded by the genomic DNA) is the (biological) information of heredity which is passed from one generation of organism to the next. That genome is transcribed to produce various RNAs, which are necessary for the function of the organism.

  5. Chromosome (genetic algorithm) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_(genetic_algorithm)

    [1] [2] The genome of an individual consists of one, more rarely of several, [3] [4] chromosomes and corresponds to the genetic representation of the task to be solved. A chromosome is composed of a set of genes, where a gene consists of one or more semantically connected parameters, which are often also called decision variables.

  6. Human genetic variation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genetic_variation

    The human genome has a total length of approximately 3.2 billion base pairs (bp) in 46 chromosomes of DNA as well as slightly under 17,000 bp DNA in cellular mitochondria. In 2015, the typical difference between an individual's genome and the reference genome was estimated at 20 million base pairs (or 0.6% of the total). [2]

  7. Chromosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 8 December 2024. DNA molecule containing genetic material of a cell This article is about the DNA molecule. For the genetic algorithm, see Chromosome (genetic algorithm). Chromosome (10 7 - 10 10 bp) DNA Gene (10 3 - 10 6 bp) Function A chromosome and its packaged long strand of DNA unraveled. The DNA's ...

  8. Genotype - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genotype

    [24] [25] This type of technology is commonly used for genome-wide association studies. Large-scale techniques to assess the entire genome are also available. This includes karyotyping to determine the number of chromosomes an individual has and chromosomal microarrays to assess for large duplications or deletions in the chromosome.

  9. Comparative genomic hybridization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_genomic...

    The aim of this technique is to quickly and efficiently compare two genomic DNA samples arising from two sources, which are most often closely related, because it is suspected that they contain differences in terms of either gains or losses of either whole chromosomes or subchromosomal regions (a portion of a whole chromosome).