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The RL78 family is an accumulator-based register-bank CISC instruction set architecture (ISA). [2] Although it has eight 8-bit registers or four 16-bit register pairs, essentially all arithmetic operations are performed on a single accumulator (the A register or AX register pair).
In a computer's central processing unit (CPU), the accumulator is a register in which intermediate arithmetic logic unit results are stored.. Without a register like an accumulator, it would be necessary to write the result of each calculation (addition, multiplication, shift, etc.) to cache or main memory, perhaps only to be read right back again for use in the next operation.
An instruction set architecture (ISA) is an abstract model of a computer, also referred to as computer architecture.A realization of an ISA is called an implementation.An ISA permits multiple implementations that may vary in performance, physical size, and monetary cost (among other things); because the ISA serves as the interface between software and hardware.
The accumulator, however, is really two registers: designated .A and .B. [2] Pushing the accumulator when it is set to 8 bits will not preserve .B, [2] which could result in a loss of transparency should the ISR change .B in any way. Therefore, the accumulator must always be set to 16 bits before being pushed or pulled if the ISR will be using ...
MCS-51-based microcontrollers typically include one or two UARTs, two or three timers, 128 or 256 bytes of internal data RAM (16 bytes of which are bit-addressable), up to 128 bytes of I/O, 512 bytes to 64 KB of internal program memory, and sometimes a quantity of extended data RAM (ERAM) located in the external data space. External RAM and ROM ...
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They are accumulator machines, with a common accumulator "W" being one operand in all 2-operand instructions. In the instruction set tables that follow, register numbers are referred to as "f", while constants are referred to as "k".