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In nucleotide sugar metabolism a group of biochemicals known as nucleotide sugars act as donors for sugar residues in the glycosylation reactions that produce polysaccharides. [1] They are substrates for glycosyltransferases. [2] The nucleotide sugars are also intermediates in nucleotide sugar interconversions that produce some of the activated ...
The development of chemoenzymatic strategies to generate large libraries of non-native sugar nucleotides has enabled a process referred to as glycorandomization where these sugar nucleotide libraries serve as donors for permissive glycosyltransferases to afford differential glycosylation of a wide range of pharmaceuticals and complex natural ...
Most glycosyltransferase enzymes form one of two folds: GT-A or GT-B. Glycosyltransferases (GTFs, Gtfs) are enzymes that establish natural glycosidic linkages.They catalyze the transfer of saccharide moieties from an activated nucleotide sugar (also known as the "glycosyl donor") to a nucleophilic glycosyl acceptor molecule, the nucleophile of which can be oxygen- carbon-, nitrogen-, or sulfur ...
Nucleoside transporters (NTs) are a group of membrane transport proteins which transport nucleoside substrates like adenosine across the membranes of cells and/or vesicles. [1] There are two known types of nucleoside transporters, concentrative nucleoside transporters (CNTs; SLC28) and equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs; SLC29), as ...
The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized into 66 families. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Most members of the SLC group are located in the cell membrane . The SLC gene nomenclature system was originally proposed by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee ( HGNC ) and is the basis for the official HGNC names of ...
Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine or UDP-GlcNAc is a nucleotide sugar and a coenzyme in metabolism. It is used by glycosyltransferases to transfer N-acetylglucosamine residues to substrates. D-Glucosamine is made naturally in the form of glucosamine-6-phosphate, and is the biochemical precursor of all nitrogen-containing sugars. [1]
The relatively large chamber allows it to accommodate large head groups such as that present in lipid A. Significant conformational changes are required to move the large sugar head groups across the membrane. The difference between the two nucleotide-free (apo) structures is the ≈30° pivot of TM4/TM5 helices relative to the TM3/TM6 helices.
Members of the Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter (ENT) Family are transport proteins that are specific to nucleosides and nucleobases, and are part of the major facilitator superfamily. They generally possess at least 6, typically 10, transmembrane segments (TMSs) and are 300-600 amino acyl residues in length.