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  2. Controlling for a variable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlling_for_a_variable

    The regression uses as independent variables not only the one or ones whose effects on the dependent variable are being studied, but also any potential confounding variables, thus avoiding omitted variable bias. "Confounding variables" in this context means other factors that not only influence the dependent variable (the outcome) but also ...

  3. Blocking (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blocking_(statistics)

    We often want to reduce or eliminate the influence of some Confounding factor when designing an experiment. We can sometimes do this by "blocking", which involves the separate consideration of blocks of data that have different levels of exposure to that factor. [2]

  4. Confounding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confounding

    In epidemiology, one type is "confounding by indication", [19] which relates to confounding from observational studies. Because prognostic factors may influence treatment decisions (and bias estimates of treatment effects), controlling for known prognostic factors may reduce this problem, but it is always possible that a forgotten or unknown ...

  5. Propensity score matching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propensity_score_matching

    The stronger the confounding of treatment and covariates, and hence the stronger the bias in the analysis of the naive treatment effect, the better the covariates predict whether a unit is treated or not. By having units with similar propensity scores in both treatment and control, such confounding is reduced.

  6. Blinded experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blinded_experiment

    Good blinding can reduce or eliminate experimental biases that arise from a participants' expectations, observer's effect on the participants, observer bias, confirmation bias, and other sources. A blind can be imposed on any participant of an experiment, including subjects, researchers, technicians, data analysts, and evaluators.

  7. Scientific control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_control

    These two controls, when both are successful, are usually sufficient to eliminate most potential confounding variables: it means that the experiment produces a negative result when a negative result is expected, and a positive result when a positive result is expected. Other controls include vehicle controls, sham controls and comparative controls.

  8. What Is Implicit Bias? How to Recognize and Change Our ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/implicit-bias-recognize-change...

    Are there ways to reduce implicit bias? Adults harbor an untold amount of bias smog. But all is not lost if you want to be more open-minded or be a true ally. Being self-aware of your bias and ...

  9. Cohort study - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohort_study

    Retrospective cohort studies restrict the investigators' ability to reduce confounding and bias because collected information is restricted to data that already exists. There are advantages to this design, however, as retrospective studies are much cheaper and faster because the data has already been collected and stored.