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The dominant seventh chord is frequently used to approximate a harmonic seventh chord, which is one possible just tuning, in the ratios 4:5:6:7 [1] Play ⓘ, for the dominant seventh. Others include 20:25:30:36 Play ⓘ , found on I, and 36:45:54:64, found on V, used in 5-limit just tunings and scales.
The major seventh chord, sometimes also called a Delta chord, can be written as maj 7, M 7, Δ, ⑦, etc. The "7" does not have to be superscripted, but if it is, then any alterations, added tones, or omissions are usually also superscripted. For example, the major seventh chord built on C, commonly written as Cmaj 7, has pitches C–E–G–B:
The most common chords are tertian, constructed using a sequence of major thirds (spanning 4 semitones) and/or minor thirds (3 semitones). Since there are 3 third intervals in a seventh chord (4 notes) and each can be major or minor, there are 7 possible permutations (the 8th one, consisted of four major thirds, results in a non-seventh augmented chord, since a major third equally divides the ...
The chord a minor third above, ♭ VII 7, may be substituted for the dominant, and may be preceded by its ii: iv 7. [16] Due to common use the two chords of the backdoor progression (IV 7-♭ VII 7) may be substituted for the dominant chord. [11] In C major the dominant would be G7: GBDF, sharing two common tones with B ♭ 7: B ♭ DFA ♭.
The convention is that using an odd number (7, 9, 11, or 13) implies that all the other lower odd numbers are also included. Thus C 13 implies that 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 are also there. Using an even number such as 6, implies that only that one extra note has been added to the base triad e.g. 1, 3, 5, 6.
The scheme I-x-V-I symbolizes, though naturally in a very summarizing way, the harmonic course of any composition of the Classical period.This x, usually appearing as a progression of chords, as a whole series, constitutes, as it were, the actual "music" within the scheme, which through the annexed formula V-I, is made into a unit, a group, or even a whole piece.
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Harmonic minor contains seven types of seventh chords: a minor major seventh chord (i m(maj7)), a half-diminished seventh chord (ii m7(−5)), an augmented major seventh chord (III aug(maj7)), a minor seventh chord (iv m7), a dominant seventh chord (V 7), a major seventh chord (VI maj7), and a diminished seventh chord (vii dim7).