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Atenolol has been associated with intrauterine growth retardation, as well as decreased placental growth and weight when prescribed during pregnancy. ACEis and ARBs are contraindicated in women who are or who intend to become pregnant. [47] Periodontal disease could mitigate the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs. [68] Race.
Drug treatment options are limited, as many antihypertensives may negatively affect the fetus. ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and direct renin inhibitors are contraindicated in pregnancy as they are teratogenic. Methyldopa, hydralazine, nifedipine, and labetalol are most commonly used for severe pregnancy hypertension. [7]
Labetalol, hydralazine and nifedipine are commonly used antihypertensive agents for hypertension in pregnancy. [6] ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are contraindicated as they affect fetal development. [53] The goal of treatment of severe hypertension in pregnancy is to prevent cardiovascular, kidney, and cerebrovascular ...
For all hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, a major component of care is management of the associated hypertension. [13] This involves use of antihypertensive medication as well as restricting activity to lower blood pressure to reduce the risk of stroke. [23]
Hydralazine is often used to treat hypertension in pregnancy, though, with either labetalol and/or methyldopa. [11] Hydralazine is commonly used in combination with isosorbide dinitrate for the treatment of congestive heart failure in black populations. This preparation, isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine, was the first race-based prescription ...
Trandolapril is teratogenic (US: pregnancy category D) and can cause birth defects and even death of the developing fetus. The highest risk to the fetus is during the second and third trimesters. When pregnancy is detected, trandolapril should be discontinued as soon as possible. Trandolapril should not be administered to nursing mothers ...
Labetalol is contraindicated in people with overt cardiac failure, greater-than-first-degree heart block, severe bradycardia, cardiogenic shock, severe hypotension, anyone with a history of obstructive airway disease including asthma, and those with hypersensitivity to the drug.
The use of valsartan in pregnancy is avoided due to the potential risk of fetal toxicity. [11] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has a black box warning for valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide use during pregnancy. [2] The use of hydrochlorothiazide is avoided in those with anuria or severe kidney disease. [12]