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Shell structure of the TWA Flight Center Building by Eero Saarinen, John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York The Forest Opera, an open-air amphitheatre in Sopot, Poland, with a membrane roof. Great Court, with a lattice thin-shell roof by Buro Happold with Norman Foster, British Museum, London. A shell is a three-dimensional solid ...
The world's first membrane roof and lattice steel shell in the Shukhov Rotunda, Nizhny Novgorod, All-Russia exhibition, 1895 Geodesic shell of Nagoya Dome by Takenaka Corporation, Nagoya, Japan, 1997. Shell of Kresge Auditorium by Eero Saarinen, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1953.
Shells may be cast in place, or pre-cast off site and moved into place and assembled. The strongest form of shell is the monolithic shell, which is cast as a single unit. The most common monolithic form is the dome, but ellipsoids and cylinders (resembling concrete Quonset huts / Nissen huts) are also possible using similar construction methods.
Concrete shell roof of the garden center Wyss in Zuchwil, (1962) Concrete dome roof of a building of the former company Kilcher in Recherswil, (1965) Highway service area Deitingen south, triangle concrete cupola roofs, (1968) Heinz Isler (July 26, 1926 – June 20, 2009) was a Swiss structural engineer. He is famous for his thin concrete shells.
Later, Bini designed a smaller version of the Binishell, known as a Minishell, as a low-cost, 8-meter by 8-meter shell structure. In 1971, several Binishells were constructed in Australia , for a governmental initiative that required rapid building system for multi-purpose centers. [ 5 ]
The head house of the TWA Flight Center, designed by Eero Saarinen and his associates, is a pioneering example of thin-shell construction, consisting of a reinforced concrete shell roof supported at the corners. [2] The design incorporates elements of the Futurist, Neo-futurist, Googie and Fantastic architectural styles. [3]
Just as products for home interiors have been getting greener, there's a growing variety of exterior treatments for creating an ecologically sound home shell. Roofing and siding are both tall ...
Hyperbolic paraboloid saddle roof on train station Church Army Chapel, Blackheath: 1963 Blackheath, south east London United Kingdom: Hyperbolic paraboloid saddle roof on church E.T. Spashett: Kobe Port Tower: 1963 Kōbe Japan: Hyperboloid observation tower 108 m (354 ft) Nikken Sekkei Company: Saint Louis Science Center's James S. McDonnell ...