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These five highest orders of honour in China form the core of its newly established system for merit and honour. The first August 1 Medal and the Friendship Medal were conferred on 28 July 2017 and 8 June 2018 respectively, the Republic Medal and the National Medal of Honour on 29 September 2019, and the July 1 Medal on 29 June 2021.
Applicants must be of P.R. China nationality, including citizenship of the Special Administrative Region of China - Hong Kong [7] [8] and Macao. Applicants must not have received any financial support from the Chinese government, such as the CSC scholarship, during their studies. Applicants must not have received this award previously.
According to the initial award criteria published in 1951, the medal can be awarded for any combat and noncombat achievements, as long as qualities such as "bravery in and skills in battle, acting in friendly unified, alert, earnest, lively way and [of] willing to help others in noncombat situations" were demonstrated. [5]
The Chinese Red Army, and the later PLA, did not use grades or during the Chinese Civil War. Personnel were addressed by job titles. [16] Ranks — based on the Kuomintang system — were used by parts of the army from 1937 to 1946; this was not official Chinese Communist Party policy. A 21-grade system was adopted in 1952.
The cadre system of the Chinese Communist Party entails the methods and institutions employed by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to train, organize, appoint, and oversee personnel to fulfill a wide range of civil service-type roles in party, state, military, business, and other organizations across the country. The system is composed of the ...
Civil service examinations are examinations implemented in various countries for recruitment and admission to the civil service.They are intended as a method to achieve an effective, rational public administration on a merit system for recruiting prospective politicians and public sector employees.
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Rank was determined by merit, through the civil service examinations, and education became the key for social mobility. [2] After the fall of the Han Dynasty, the nine-rank system was established during the Three Kingdoms period. The concept of a merit system spread from China to British India during the 17th century, and then into continental ...