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Brian Nosek of University of Virginia and colleagues sought out to replicate 100 different studies, all published in 2008. [5] The project pulled these studies from three different journals, Psychological Science, the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, and the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, published in 2008 to see if they could get the same ...
Focus on the replication crisis has led to renewed efforts in psychology to retest important findings. [41] [179] A 2013 special edition of the journal Social Psychology focused on replication studies. [13] Standardization as well as (requiring) transparency of the used statistical and experimental methods have been proposed. [180]
Reproducibility, closely related to replicability and repeatability, is a major principle underpinning the scientific method.For the findings of a study to be reproducible means that results obtained by an experiment or an observational study or in a statistical analysis of a data set should be achieved again with a high degree of reliability when the study is replicated.
In Economics, a replication of 18 experimental studies in two major journals, found a failure rate comparable to psychology or medicine (39%). [ 39 ] Several global surveys have reported a growing uneasiness of scientific communities over reproducibility and other issues of research transparency.
Example of direct replication and conceptual replication. There are two main types of replication in statistics. First, there is a type called “exact replication” (also called "direct replication"), which involves repeating the study as closely as possible to the original to see whether the original results can be precisely reproduced. [3]
Explanatory case studies explore causation to identify underlying principles. [23] [24] However, there is a debate to whether case studies count as a scientific research method. Clinical psychologists use case studies most often, especially to describe abnormal events and conditions, which are particularly important in clinical research. [25]
Solutions to address these challenges require important structural changes within research institutions and have important repercussions on researchers’ academic careers (see also #Challenges and future directions). The shift from a vertical model toward a more horizontal one was partly motivated by the replication crisis in psychology.
Case studies are generally a single-case design, but can also be a multiple-case design, where replication instead of sampling is the criterion for inclusion. [2] Like other research methodologies within psychology, the case study must produce valid and reliable results in order to be useful for the development of future research. Distinct ...