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In the 1960s the invention of the quartz watch which ran on electricity and kept time with a vibrating quartz crystal, proved a radical departure for the watchmaking industry. During the 1980s quartz watches took over the market from mechanical watches, a process referred to as the "quartz crisis".
Quartz movement of the Seiko Astron, 1969. The quartz crisis (Swiss) or quartz revolution (America, Japan and other countries) was the advancement in the watchmaking industry caused by the advent of quartz watches in the 1970s and early 1980s, that largely replaced mechanical watches around the world.
The quartz crystal oscillator can be seen on right. Quartz clocks and quartz watches are timepieces that use an electronic oscillator regulated by a quartz crystal to keep time. This crystal oscillator creates a signal with very precise frequency, so that quartz clocks and watches are at least an order of magnitude more accurate than mechanical ...
Quartz Movement of the Seiko Astron, 1969 (Deutsches Uhrenmuseum, Inv. Inv. 2010-006) The Astron wristwatch, formally known as the Seiko Quartz-Astron 35SQ, was the world's first "quartz clock" wristwatch. It is now registered on the List of IEEE Milestones as a key advance in electrical engineering.
In the 1960s and 1970s, Kienzle became a market leader in Germany. In 1972, the first solar watch, "Heliomat", was produced as well as the first quartz movements. [6] In the following years, Kienzle was the first company to present a quartz travel alarm clock. [7]
The watch can be used to calculate decompression times, and other information useful to divers. It was originally rated to a depth of 300 meters, later increased to 750 meters. In 1968 DOXA became part of Synchron S.A. Soon after the introduction of the Sub300t, the Swiss watch industry was devastated by the introduction of quartz watches.
By the end of the 1960s, 44 per cent of all watches sold worldwide originated in Switzerland. [19] Oris employed 800 people across a network of factories in Hölstein and beyond, and produced 1.2 million watches and clocks a year, making it one of the 10 largest watch companies in the world. [ 20 ]
At the end of the 1960s the annual production reached 1.5 million pieces and the company employed over 500 people in Bubendorf. In the 1970s, the watch industry experienced the quartz crisis. The number of mechanical watches sold was drastically reduced. Cimier developed and industrialized its own quartz movement. [4]
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