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The Law That Never Was: The Fraud of the 16th Amendment and Personal Income Tax is a 1985 book by William J. Benson and Martin J. "Red" Beckman which claims that the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, commonly known as the income tax amendment, was never properly ratified.
Tax protester Sixteenth Amendment arguments are assertions that the imposition of the U.S. federal income tax is illegal because the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which reads "The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration ...
Proper ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment is disputed by tax protesters who argue that the quoted text of the Amendment differed from the text proposed by Congress, or that Ohio was not a State during ratification. [25] Sixteenth Amendment ratification arguments have been rejected in every court case where they have been raised and have ...
The Sixteenth Amendment, ratified in February 1913, created the federal income tax in America. This form of taxation made the federal government powerful. It was supported by advocates called ...
This post was written as part of a series on tax excuses that don't work. A popular lie about income taxes is that, quite simply, they aren't allowed by the U.S. Constitution. You'll hear tax ...
Some tax protesters may cite what they believe is evidence that the Sixteenth Amendment to the Constitution (removing any apportionment requirement for income taxes) was never "properly ratified" or that it was properly ratified but does not permit the taxation of individual income, or particular forms of individual income.
The case, hinging on the Constitution’s 16th Amendment, concerned whether people can be forced to pay taxes on stakes in foreign-owned companies even if they have not derived any income from ...
Arguments made by tax protesters in the United States generally fall into several categories: that the Sixteenth Amendment was never properly ratified; that the Sixteenth Amendment does not permit the taxation of individual income, or particular forms of individual income; that other provisions of the Constitution such as the First, Fifth, or a ...