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When Mao Zedong broke the relations with Khrushchev's USSR in 1961, Togliatti wrote a work, the Yalta memorial, where he defended the right of building socialism in an autonomous way pursued by Mao. [19] The Party had a great attention and very good opinion on the Non-Aligned Movement Countries.
In the big cities of northern and central Italy or in economically developed agricultural areas, socialism was more widely spread than in southern Italy or underdeveloped areas. [4] Lack of education and poverty created inevitable barriers for lower-class people to participate in the movement.
Maoism, officially Mao Zedong Thought, [a] is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed while trying to realize a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of China and later the People's Republic of China.
For the PMLI, there has been no authentically socialist country in the world since Mao's death. [59] Being a supporter of Marxist–Leninist atheism, it is an atheist party; [4] at the same time, citing Mao, anti-clerical and communist supporters are accepted as party sympathizers and can carry out propaganda for the party. [106] [107]
Mao's greatest divergence with Stalin was during his radical phase in the 1960s when he said that there is the possibility of an entire bourgeoisie developing inside the Communist Party bureaucracy in a socialist (pre-communist) society, and restoring capitalism from within. The leaders of this domestic bourgeoisie were the "people in positions ...
To create a socialist state, you need to force people to do unsavory things, observed Hayek. "Socialism can be put into practice only by methods which most socialists disapprove."
The communist left in Italy was formed during World War I in organizations like the Italian Socialist Party and the Communist Party of Italy. The Italian left considers itself to be Leninist in nature, but denounces Marxism–Leninism as a form of bourgeois opportunism materialized in the Soviet Union under Stalin .
This coalition dissolved on 5 May 1934 and, in August of the same year, the pact of unity of action was signed between the Italian Socialist Party and the Italian Communist Party. [29] In the meantime, in Italy, clandestine anti-fascist nuclei were formed, in particular in Milan with Ferruccio Parri and in Florence with Riccardo Bauer. [29]