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Culturally, cleanliness is usually a good quality, as indicated by the aphorism: "Cleanliness is next to Godliness", [1] and may be regarded as contributing to other ideals such as health and beauty. The concept of cleanliness emphasizes an ongoing procedure or set of habits for the purpose of maintenance and prevention.
The history of water supply and sanitation is one of a logistical challenge to provide clean water and sanitation systems since the dawn of civilization. Where water resources, infrastructure or sanitation systems were insufficient, diseases spread and people fell sick or died prematurely. Astronaut Jack Lousma taking a shower in space, 1974
The terms cleanliness and hygiene are often used interchangeably, which can cause confusion. In general, hygiene refers to practices that prevent spread of disease-causing organisms. Cleaning processes (e.g., handwashing [1]) remove infectious microbes as well as dirt and soil, and are thus often the means to achieve hygiene.
Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo is a 1966 book by the anthropologist and cultural theorist Mary Douglas.It is her best known work. In 1991 the Times Literary Supplement listed it as one of the hundred most influential non-fiction books published since 1945.
Ritual cleanliness is a central part of Shinto life. [47] In Shinto, a common form of ritual purification is misogi , [ 48 ] [ 49 ] which involves natural running water, and especially waterfalls. Rather than being entirely naked, men usually wear Japanese loincloths and women wear kimono , both additionally wearing headbands .
The history of anal hygiene, from the Greco-Roman world to ancient China and ancient Japan, involves the widespread use of sponges and sticks as well as water and paper. The inclusion of anal cleansing facilities is often overlooked in the design of public or shared toilets in developing countries.
For example, diarrhea, a main cause of malnutrition and stunted growth in children, can be reduced through adequate sanitation. [3] There are many other diseases which are easily transmitted in communities that have low levels of sanitation, such as ascariasis (a type of intestinal worm infection or helminthiasis ), cholera , hepatitis , polio ...
A hammam [a] is a type of steam bath or a place of public bathing associated with the Islamic world. It is a prominent feature in the culture of the Muslim world and was inherited from the model of the Roman thermae.