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Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect in which blood flows between the atria (upper chambers) of the heart. Some flow is a normal condition both pre-birth and immediately post-birth via the foramen ovale ; however, when this does not naturally close after birth it is referred to as a patent (open) foramen ovale (PFO).
The ostium primum atrial septal defect is a defect in the atrial septum at the level of the tricuspid and mitral valves. This is sometimes known as an endocardial cushion defect because it often involves the endocardial cushion, which is the portion of the heart where the atrial septum meets the ventricular septum and the mitral valve meets the tricuspid valve.
An atrial septal defect is a congenital heart defect where the septum between the right and left atrium doesn’t close up all the way and remains open after birth. This causes oxygenated blood to go into pulmonary circulation. One complication from this condition is a paradoxical embolus which crosses from the right to the left side via the ASD.
Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) or atrioventricular canal defect (AVCD), also known as "common atrioventricular canal" or "endocardial cushion defect" (ECD), is characterized by a deficiency of the atrioventricular septum of the heart that creates connections between all four of its chambers. It is a very specific combination of 3 defects:
Failure of the septum primum to fuse with the endocardial cushion can lead to an ostium primum atrial septal defect. [1] This is the second most common type of atrial septal defect [2] and is commonly seen in Down syndrome. Typically this defect will cause a shunt to occur from the left atrium to the right atrium.
Heart septal defect refers to a congenital heart defect [1] of one of the septa of the heart. Atrial septal defect; Atrioventricular septal defect; Ventricular septal defect; Although aortopulmonary septal defects are defects of the aorticopulmonary septum, which is not technically part of the heart, they are sometimes grouped with the heart ...
Pulmonary valve defects resulting in tricuspid regurgitation, a common effect of pulmonary stenosis, can cause this increase in muscle mass. [5] Atrial septal defect An atrial septal defect is a hole in the septum that divides the right and left atria (the upper two chambers) of the heart. In the heart of a developing fetus, there are several ...
Eisenmenger syndrome or Eisenmenger's syndrome is defined as the process in which a long-standing left-to-right cardiac shunt caused by a congenital heart defect (typically by a ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, or less commonly, patent ductus arteriosus) causes pulmonary hypertension [1] [2] and eventual reversal of the shunt into a cyanotic right-to-left shunt.