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Scleritis can be classified as anterior scleritis and posterior scleritis. Anterior scleritis is the most common variety, accounting for about 98% of the cases. It is of two types : Non-necrotising and necrotising. Non-necrotising scleritis is the most common, and is further classified into diffuse and nodular type based on morphology.
Episcleritis is a benign, self-limiting inflammatory disease affecting part of the eye called the episclera.The episclera is a thin layer of tissue that lies between the conjunctiva and the connective tissue layer that forms the white of the eye ().
[3] [6] [4] [8] [9] The most common forms of ocular involvement are usually mild and often consist of unilateral or bilateral episcleritis and/or scleritis, that is often anterior and could be lingering or relapsing. [3] [4] Scleritis that is necrotizing is found to be exceedingly rare. [3] Less often, conjunctivitis occurs.
A laboratory specimen is sometimes a biological specimen of a medical patient's tissue, fluids, or other samples used for laboratory analysis to assist in differential diagnosis or staging of a disease process. These specimens are often the most reliable method of diagnosis, depending on the ailment.
An ocular manifestation of a systemic disease is an eye condition that directly or indirectly results from a disease process in another part of the body. There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes.
Scleritis: Sclera: Various Possible [107] Susac's syndrome: Retina, cochlea, and brain None specific Probable [108] Sympathetic ophthalmia: Uveal tract: Various Probable Rare [109] Tolosa–Hunt syndrome: Orbit None specific Uncertain Rare [110]
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Workup of the patient with papillitis includes lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. B. henselae infection can be detected by serology. MRI is the preferred imaging study. An abnormal MRI is associated with a worse visual outcome. [3]