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In the layers of Vedic texts, Surya is one of the several trinities along with Agni and either Vayu or Indra, which are presented as an equivalent icon and aspect of the Hindu metaphysical concept called the Brahman. [32] In the Brahmanas layer of Vedic literature, Surya appears with Agni (fire god) in the same hymns. [33]
The ritual of Surya Namaskaram, performed by Hindus, is an elaborate set of hand gestures and body movements, designed to greet and revere the Sun. The sun god in Hinduism is an ancient and revered deity. In later Hindu usage, all the Vedic Ādityas lost identity and metamorphosed into one composite deity, Surya, the Sun.
Saura connotes sun (surya). Saura is a term which refers to the solar days and months in Vedic era and medieval Indian calendars, to differentiate them from lunar system in the lunisolar calendars. [ 1 ]
Aditi prays to Surya Aditi and the sage Kashyapa had 33 sons, out of whom twelve are called Âdityas including Surya , eleven are called Rudras , and eight are called Vasus . [ 9 ] Aditi is said to be the mother of the great god Indra , the mother of kings ( Mandala 2 .27) and the mother of gods ( Mandala 1 .113.19).
Saura or Saurya (Sanskrit: सौर्य, romanized: Saurya) [1] is a denomination of Hinduism [2] whose adherents worship the Sun god Surya as the Saguna Brahman. In the contemporary period, the Sauras are a very small movement, much smaller than other larger denominations such as Vaishnavism or Shaivism .
Aruna (Sanskrit: अरुण) is the charioteer of Surya (the sun god) in Hinduism. [1] He is the elder brother of Garuda. Aruna and Garuda are the sons of Vedic sage Kashyapa and his wife Vinata, daughter of Prajapati Daksha. His children were the mighty vultures Sampati and Jatayu. He is also found in Buddhism and Jainism literature and arts.
The Surya Siddhanta is a text on astronomy and time keeping, an idea that appears much earlier as the field of Jyotisha of the Vedic period.The field of Jyotisha deals with ascertaining time, particularly forecasting auspicious dates and times for Vedic rituals. [25]
Later, Vivasvan, son of Kashyapa and Aditi, famously known as the Hindu god Surya married Saranyu who was the daughter of Vishvakarman, the architect of devas. He had many children but Manu was given the responsibility of building the civilization and as a result it formed a dynasty that was named 'Suryavamsha' or the solar dynasty.