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In anatomy and osteology, a foramen (/ f ə ˈ r eɪ m ən /; [1] [2] pl.: foramina, / f ə ˈ r æ m ɪ n ə / or foramens / f ə ˈ r eɪ m ən z /; from Latin 'an opening produced by boring') is an opening or enclosed gap within the dense connective tissue (bones and deep fasciae) of extant and extinct amniote animals, typically to allow passage of nerves, arteries, veins or other soft ...
Intervertebral foramen, foramina formed between vertebrae; Lesser sciatic foramen, an opening between the pelvis and the posterior thigh; Obturator foramen, the opening created by the ischium and pubis bones of the pelvis; Vertebral foramen, the foramen formed by the anterior segment (the body), and the posterior part, the vertebral arch
A foramen (plural: foramina) is an opening in a bone for the passage of blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and similar entities. [26] Nutrient foramina are openings allowing blood vessels to enter the inside of bones to enable nutrient supply to the bone.
A foramen is any opening, particularly referring to those in bone. [14] Foramina inside the body of humans and other animals typically allow muscles, nerves, arteries, veins, or other structures to connect one part of the body with another. An example is the foramen magnum in occipital bone.
Foramina can be occluded by arthritic degenerative changes and space-occupying lesions like tumors, metastases, and spinal disc herniations. [ citation needed ] Projectional radiograph of a man presenting with pain by the nape and left shoulder, showing a stenosis of the left intervertebral foramen of cervical spinal nerve 4 due to age-related ...
Specific to the cervical vertebra is the transverse foramen (also known as foramen transversarium). This is an opening on each of the transverse processes which gives passage to the vertebral artery and vein and a sympathetic nerve plexus. On the cervical vertebrae other than the atlas, the anterior and posterior tubercles are on either side of ...
Many foramina and fissures are located in the sphenoid that carry nerves and blood vessels of the head and neck, such as the superior orbital fissure (with ophthalmic nerve), foramen rotundum (with maxillary nerve) and foramen ovale (with mandibular nerve).
There are multiple structures in the human body with the name foramen ovale (plural: foramina ovalia; Latin for "oval hole"): Foramen ovale (heart), in the fetal heart, a shunt from the right atrium to left atrium; Foramen ovale (skull), at the base of the skull, one of the holes that transmit nerves through the skull