Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
General structure of a sulfonic acid with the functional group indicated in blue. In organic chemistry, sulfonic acid (or sulphonic acid) refers to a member of the class of organosulfur compounds with the general formula R−S(=O) 2 −OH, where R is an organic alkyl or aryl group and the S(=O) 2 (OH) group a sulfonyl hydroxide. [1]
Formal charges in ozone and the nitrate anion. In chemistry, a formal charge (F.C. or q*), in the covalent view of chemical bonding, is the hypothetical charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, assuming that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally between atoms, regardless of relative electronegativity.
If these conditions are satisfied, as they are in many ionic and covalent compounds, the electrons forming a bond can all be formally assigned to the anion. The anion thus acquires a formal negative charge and the cation a formal positive charge, which is the picture on which the ionic model is based.
As an example, summing bond orders in the ammonium cation yields −4 at the nitrogen of formal charge +1, with the two numbers adding to the oxidation state of −3: The sum of oxidation states in the ion equals its charge (as it equals zero for a neutral molecule). Also in anions, the formal (ionic) charges have to be considered when nonzero.
Sulfonic acids have functionality R−S(=O) 2 −OH. [25] They are strong acids that are typically soluble in organic solvents. Sulfonic acids like trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is a frequently used reagent in organic chemistry. Sulfinic acids have functionality R−S(O)−OH while sulfenic acids have functionality R−S−OH. In the series ...
Sulfonyl groups can be written as having the general formula R−S(=O) 2 −R′, where there are two double bonds between the sulfur and oxygen. [1]: 53 [2] Sulfonyl groups can be reduced to the sulfide with diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBALH). Lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH 4) reduces some but not all sulfones to sulfides. [1]: 1851
To define a formal reduction potential for a biochemical reaction, the pH value, the concentrations values and the hypotheses made on the activity coefficients must always be clearly indicated. When using, or comparing, several formal (or apparent) reduction potentials they must also be internally consistent.
In chemistry, a sulfonyl halide consists of a sulfonyl (>S(=O) 2) group singly bonded to a halogen atom. They have the general formula RSO 2 X, where X is a halogen.The stability of sulfonyl halides decreases in the order fluorides > chlorides > bromides > iodides, all four types being well known.