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There are several synonyms that refer to human positioning, often used interchangeably, but having specific nuances of meaning. [1] Position is a general term for a configuration of the human body. Posture means an intentionally or habitually assumed position. Pose implies an artistic, aesthetic, athletic, or spiritual intention of the position.
Several morphological and behavioral developments were employed to achieve this goal: upright bipedal posture, longer legs, long tightly coiled hair on the top of the head, body painting, threatening synchronous body movements, loud voice and extremely loud rhythmic singing/stomping/drumming on external subjects. [82]
Standing, also referred to as orthostasis, is a position in which the body is held in an upright (orthostatic) position and supported only by the feet. Although seemingly static, the body rocks slightly back and forth from the ankle in the sagittal plane , which bisects the body into right and left sides.
Orthostatic intolerance occurs in humans because standing upright is a fundamental stressor, so requires rapid and effective circulatory and neurologic compensations to maintain blood pressure, cerebral blood flow, and consciousness. When a human stands, about 750 ml of thoracic blood are abruptly translocated downward.
Postural control refers to the maintenance of body posture in space. The central nervous system interprets sensory input to produce motor output that maintains upright posture. [ 1 ] Sensory information used for postural control largely comes from visual , proprioceptive , and vestibular systems. [ 2 ]
Standing upright with an assertive and correct posture: famously "chin up, chest out, shoulders back, stomach in". Arms fixed at the side, thumb or middle finger parallel to trouser or skirt seam, depending on military drill specifics. "Eyes front": head and eyes locked in a fixed forward posture. Ideally eyes unmoving fixated on a distant object.
In order for animals to have the ability to walk upright, there are certain anatomical requirements. For mammals that exhibit orthograde posture, the scapula is more dorsally placed than in animals with a pronograde posture. [8] The scapular index, the measure of width to length of the scapula, is decreased in animals exhibiting orthograde posture.
Variations in the angle are denoted by high Fowler, indicating an upright position at approximately 90 degrees and semi-Fowler, 30 to 45 degrees; and low Fowler, where the head is slightly elevated." [1] It is an intervention used to promote oxygenation via maximum chest expansion and is implemented during events of respiratory distress. Fowler ...