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Ozone in the ozone layer filters out sunlight wavelengths from about 200 nm UV rays to 315 nm, with ozone peak absorption at about 250 nm. [55] This ozone UV absorption is important to life, since it extends the absorption of UV by ordinary oxygen and nitrogen in air (which absorb all wavelengths < 200 nm) through the lower UV-C (200–280 nm ...
Low power consumption of semiconductors introduce UV disinfection systems that utilized small solar cells in remote or Third World applications. [2] By 2019, LEDs made up 41.4% of UV light sales, up from 19.2% in 2014 [3] The UV-C LED global market is expected to rise from $223m in 2017 to US$991m in 2023. [4]
In the stratosphere, molecular oxygen (O 2) is an important photoinitiator that begins the ozone-production process in the ozone layer. Oxygen can be photolyzed into atomic oxygen by light with wavelength less than 240 nm. [3] O 2 → 2O. Atomic oxygen can then combine with more molecular oxygen to form ozone. O + O 2 → O 3
Ionisers tend to produce negative ions since these are supposed to have beneficial health effects. Even the best ionisers will also produce a small amount of ozone—triatomic oxygen, O 3 —which is unwanted. Ozone generators are optimised to attract an extra oxygen ion to an O 2 molecule, using either a corona discharge tube or UV light. [8]
Equipment that uses short-arc lamps as the light source must contain UV radiation shielding and prevent ozone build-up. Many lamps have a shortwave UV blocking coating on the envelope and are sold as "ozone free" lamps. These "ozone free" lamps are used commonly in indoor applications, where proper ventilation is not easily accessible.
A low-pressure mercury-vapor discharge tube floods the inside of a biosafety cabinet with shortwave UV light when not in use, killing microbes on irradiated surfaces. Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is a disinfection technique employing ultraviolet (UV) light, particularly UV-C (180–280 nm), to kill or inactivate microorganisms ...
Ozone offers many advantages as a sterilant gas; ozone is a very efficient sterilant because of its strong oxidizing properties (E=2.076 vs SHE [42]) capable of destroying a wide range of pathogens, including prions, without the need for handling hazardous chemicals since the ozone is generated within the sterilizer from medical-grade oxygen.
Hydroxyl radicals are produced with the help of one or more primary oxidants (e.g. ozone, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen) and/or energy sources (e.g. ultraviolet light) or catalysts (e.g. titanium dioxide). Precise, pre-programmed dosages, sequences and combinations of these reagents are applied in order to obtain a maximum •OH yield.
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