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  2. Therapeutic index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapeutic_index

    It is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes toxicity to the amount that causes the therapeutic effect. [1] The related terms therapeutic window or safety window refer to a range of doses optimized between efficacy and toxicity, achieving the greatest therapeutic benefit without resulting in unacceptable side-effects or ...

  3. List of highly toxic gases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_highly_toxic_gases

    Many gases have toxic properties, which are often assessed using the LC 50 (median lethal concentration) measure. In the United States, many of these gases have been assigned an NFPA 704 health rating of 4 (may be fatal) or 3 (may cause serious or permanent injury), and/or exposure limits (TLV, TWA/PEL, STEL, or REL) determined by the ACGIH professional association.

  4. Median toxic dose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_toxic_dose

    The median toxic dose encompasses the category of toxicity that is greater than half maximum effective concentration (ED 50) but less than the median lethal dose (LD 50). However, for some highly potent toxins (ex. lofentanil , botulinum toxin ) the difference between the ED 50 and TD 50 is so minute that the values assigned to them may be ...

  5. Median lethal dose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_lethal_dose

    The LD 50 values have a very wide range. The botulinum toxin as the most toxic substance known has an LD 50 value of 1 ng/kg, while the most non-toxic substance water has an LD 50 value of more than 90 g/kg; a difference of about 1 in 100 billion, or 11 orders of magnitude. As with all measured values that differ by many orders of magnitude, a ...

  6. Vitamin D toxicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D_toxicity

    Vitamin D toxicity, or hypervitaminosis D, is the toxic state of an excess of vitamin D.The normal range for blood concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in adults is 20 to 50 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL).

  7. Hydrogen sulfide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide

    Hydrogen sulfide is a highly toxic and flammable gas (flammable range: 4.3–46%). It can poison several systems in the body, although the nervous system is most affected. [citation needed] The toxicity of H 2 S is comparable with that of carbon monoxide. [55] It binds with iron in the mitochondrial cytochrome enzymes, thus preventing cellular ...

  8. What do your food labels really mean? 'Free-range,' 'natural ...

    www.aol.com/2010/05/07/what-do-your-food-labels...

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  9. Effects range low and effects range median - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_range_low_and...

    In environmental toxicology, effects range low (ERL) and effects range median (ERM) are measures of toxicity in marine sediment.They are used by public agencies in the United States in formulating guidelines in assessing toxicity hazards, in particular from trace metals or organic contaminants.