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Hukou is a household registration system that regulates internal migration within mainland China. [68] Citizens are assigned a hukou classification (rural or urban) at birth based on their family's registration.
The legacy of the Chinese hukou system may be traced back to the pre-dynastic era, as early as the 21st century BC. [10] In its early forms, the household registration system was used primarily for the purposes of taxation and conscription, as well as regulating migration. [10] Two early models of the hukou system were the xiangsui and baojia ...
See more in Wikipedia article: Hukou. The Household Registration System is an institution implemented in China which requires its citizens to register and record as residents of a particular area in the unit of family. The system is often considered as an institutionalized mean to create class distinction in China. [17]
Labor shortage is not yet a major problem in China, as there are still governmental measures to free up the pool of rural labor, such as the further easing of the hukou, or household registration, system. “However, these are unlikely to reverse the trend of increasing labor costs". [7]
The Hộ khẩu system in Vietnam is similar to the Hukou system in mainland China. Local authorities issue each household a "household registration book" or sổ hộ khẩu , in which the basic biographical information of each household member is recorded.
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The hukou household registry is a system that has been criticized as an entrenchment of social strata, especially as between rural and urban residency status, and is regarded by some as a form of caste system. Internal migrants in China, particularly those hailing from Henan and the northeast, frequently experience challenging lives. [3]
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