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Additionally, search time (S) is the amount of time it takes the predator to find a prey item and is dependent on the abundance of the food and the ease of locating it. [2] In this model, the currency is energy intake per unit time and the constraints include the actual values of E , h , and S , as well as the fact that prey items are ...
The birds were first trained on a limited set of paintings. The experiment has shown that a pigeon was able to obtain food by repeated pecking when shown a painting from Picasso; when it was a Monet, pecking had no effect. After a while, the pigeons would only peck when shown Picasso paintings.
The information centre hypothesis (ICH) is a theory that states bird species live in communal roosts primarily for the advantage of gaining information from others in the community regarding the location of unevenly distributed food resources. [1] This hypothesis was first proposed by Peter Ward and Israeli biologist Amotz Zahavi (1973). [1]
Birds make use of a variety of approaches to improve the efficiency of their foraging. These include foraging in flocks which provides many eyes to seek patches rich in food while also reducing the risk of predation by increasing the efficiency of detecting predators, increasing time spent on handling food, and by reducing individual risk.
Irene Pepperberg said the reward system is crucial, because it is the only way that students can make the direct connection between the object and the label that they have used. Food rewards are also sparingly used. Trainers sometimes make intentional mistakes so the students can see the consequences of an incorrect identification.
The ability to remember things that happened in the past is a hallmark of episodic memory. New research suggests it’s an ability humans may share with Eurasian jays.
The book explores birds as thinkers (contrary to the cliché "bird brain") in the context of observed behavior in the wild and brings to it the scientific findings from lab and field research. [2] New research suggests that some birds, such as those in the family corvidae, can rival primates and even humans in forms of intelligence.
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