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  2. Letters on Sunspots - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letters_on_Sunspots

    Mark Welser. When Jesuit Christoph Scheiner first observed sunspots in March 1611, he ignored them until he saw them again in October. Then, under the pseudonym Apelles latens post tabulam (Apelles hiding behind the painting), [14] he presented his description and conclusions about them in three letters to the Augsburg banker and scholar Mark Welser.

  3. Christoph Scheiner - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Scheiner

    In 1611, Scheiner observed sunspots; in 1612 he published the "Apelles letters" in Augsburg. Mark Welser had the first three Apelles letters printed in Augsburg on 5 January 1612. They provided one of many reasons for the subsequent unpleasant argument between Scheiner and Galileo Galilei , which began when Galileo responded to the Apelles ...

  4. Discourse on Comets - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse_on_Comets

    Artistotelian thinking: Since 1611, scholars of the Jesuit order had been bound by their General Claudio Acquaviva to defend Aristotle's views on natural philosophy. [25] [26] In many instances (e.g. in Sidereus Nuncius and Letters on Sunspots) Galileo argued against the

  5. Mark Welser - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Welser

    Christoph Scheiner observing sunspots. In late 1611, the Jesuit Christoph Scheiner, a mathematics teacher at Ingolstadt, using the pseudonym Apelles latens post tabulam (Apelles hiding behind the painting), [nb 1] wrote three letters to Welser, claiming the discovery of sunspots.

  6. Johannes Kepler thought he sketched Mercury orbiting across ...

    www.aol.com/johannes-kepler-1607-sketches...

    Scientists analyzed famed astronomer Johannes Kepler’s 1607 sketches of sunspots to solve a mystery about the sun’s solar cycle that has persisted for centuries. Johannes Kepler thought he ...

  7. Solar observation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_observation

    In 1613, in Letters on Sunspots, Galileo refuted Scheiner's 1612 claim that sunspots were planets inside Mercury's orbit, showing that sunspots were surface features. [18] [20] Although the physical aspects of sunspots were not identified until the 20th century, observations continued. [21]

  8. Accademia dei Lincei - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accademia_dei_Lincei

    Among the Academy's early publications in the fields of astronomy, physics and botany were Galileo's "Letters on Sunspots" and "The Assayer", and the Tesoro Messicano describing the flora, fauna and drugs of the New World, which took decades of labour, down to 1651. With this publication, the first, most famous phase of the Lincei was concluded.

  9. Jesuit College of Ingolstadt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuit_College_of_Ingolstadt

    In March 1611 Scheiner and his student Johann Baptist Cysat (c. 1587–1657) observed sunspots. Scheiner delayed announcing his discovery for a year and then wrote of it in letters signed "Apelles" to disguise his identity since the presence of stains on the sun was counter to "conservative Christian doctrine". [22]