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  2. Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Shuiping_Kaoshi

    An HSK (Level 6) Examination Score Report. The Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK; Chinese: 汉语水平考试; pinyin: Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì), translated as the Chinese Proficiency Test, [1] is the People's Republic of China's standardized test of proficiency in the Standard Chinese language for non-native speakers.

  3. Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_of_Chinese_as_a...

    It is difficult to directly compare the Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK) with the TOCFL. Unlike TOCFL, the pre-2021 HSK had 6 levels. The six HSK levels and the six Band A, B and C TOCFL levels were all claimed to be compatible with the six levels of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). However, for each test the number ...

  4. Hanban - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HanBan

    According to its website, Hanban's goals include "making Chinese language and culture teaching resources and services available to the world", "meeting the demands of overseas Chinese learners", and "contributing to the formation of a world of cultural diversity and harmony". [6]

  5. Common European Framework of Reference for Languages

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_European_Framework...

    An intergovernmental symposium in 1991 titled "Transparency and Coherence in Language Learning in Europe: Objectives, Evaluation, Certification" held by the Swiss Federal Authorities in the Swiss municipality of Rüschlikon found the need for a common European framework for languages to improve the recognition of language qualifications and help teachers co-operate.

  6. Workbook - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workbook

    The term workbook is also used to describe other compilations of questions that require the reader to complete scratch-work when dealing with higher-level mathematics. In industry, they may be customized interactive manuals which are used to help provide structure to an otherwise complex problem. The workbook format can also be used as a ...

  7. Chinese grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_grammar

    tā He 打 dǎ hit 人。 rén person 他 打 人。 tā dǎ rén He hit person He hits someone. Chinese can also be considered a topic-prominent language: there is a strong preference for sentences that begin with the topic, usually "given" or "old" information; and end with the comment, or "new" information. Certain modifications of the basic subject–verb–object order are permissible and ...

  8. ILR scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILR_scale

    The exception is the DLIELC (Defense Language Institute English Language Center), which assigns a + designation for failure/inconsistency at the next higher level. Grades may be assigned separately for different skills such as reading, speaking, listening, writing, translation, audio translation, interpretation, and intercultural communication.

  9. English-medium education - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English-medium_education

    An English-medium education system is one that uses English as the primary medium of instruction—particularly where English is not the mother tongue of students.. Initially this is associated with the expansion of English from its homeland in England and the lowlands of Scotland and its spread to the rest of Great Britain and Ireland, beginning in the sixteenth century.