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  2. Prediction by partial matching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prediction_by_partial_matching

    Prediction by partial matching (PPM) is an adaptive statistical data compression technique based on context modeling and prediction. PPM models use a set of previous symbols in the uncompressed symbol stream to predict the next symbol in the stream. PPM algorithms can also be used to cluster data into predicted groupings in cluster analysis.

  3. Shock-capturing method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock-capturing_method

    The Euler equations are the governing equations for inviscid flow. To implement shock-capturing methods, the conservation form of the Euler equations are used. For a flow without external heat transfer and work transfer (isoenergetic flow), the conservation form of the Euler equation in Cartesian coordinate system can be written as + + + = where the vectors U, F, G, and H are given by

  4. Helmert transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmert_transformation

    μ – scale factor, which is unitless; if it is given in ppm, it must be divided by 1,000,000 and added to 1. R – rotation matrix. Consists of three axes (small [clarification needed] rotations around each of the three coordinate axes) r x, r y, r z. The rotation matrix is an orthogonal matrix. The angles are given in either degrees or radians.

  5. Homotopy analysis method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homotopy_analysis_method

    The convergence-control parameter is a non-physical variable that provides a simple way to verify and enforce convergence of a solution series. The capability of the HAM to naturally show convergence of the series solution is unusual in analytical and semi-analytic approaches to nonlinear partial differential equations.

  6. Interior-point method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interior-point_method

    An interior point method was discovered by Soviet mathematician I. I. Dikin in 1967. [1] The method was reinvented in the U.S. in the mid-1980s. In 1984, Narendra Karmarkar developed a method for linear programming called Karmarkar's algorithm, [2] which runs in provably polynomial time (() operations on L-bit numbers, where n is the number of variables and constants), and is also very ...

  7. What will happen to Social Security under Trump’s tax plan?

    www.aol.com/finance/happen-social-security-under...

    Bottom line. Trump’s proposal to cut Social Security taxes highlights the ongoing debate about the program’s complexities. While some recipients could benefit from tax-free benefits ...

  8. Trump says he gave permission to Elon Musk to trash GOP ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/trump-says-gave-permission-elon...

    President-elect Donald Trump, after rejecting House Speaker Mike Johnson's plan to avoid a government shutdown, worked the phones on Thursday, showing wavering confidence in Johnson and claiming ...

  9. Parts-per notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts-per_notation

    Fluorescein aqueous solutions, diluted from 10,000 to 1 parts-per-million in intervals of 10 fold dilution. At 1 ppm the solution is a very pale yellow. At 1 ppm the solution is a very pale yellow. As the concentration increases the colour becomes a more vibrant yellow, then orange, with the final 10,000 ppm a deep red colour.