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In chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology, a dissociation constant (K D) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that measures the propensity of a larger object to separate (dissociate) reversibly into smaller components, as when a complex falls apart into its component molecules, or when a salt splits up into its component ions.
The distribution constant (or partition ratio) (K D) is the equilibrium constant for the distribution of an analyte in two immiscible solvents. [1] [2] [3]In chromatography, for a particular solvent, it is equal to the ratio of its molar concentration in the stationary phase to its molar concentration in the mobile phase, also approximating the ratio of the solubility of the solvent in each phase.
Kd is the equilibrium constant for dissociation. K A {\textstyle K_{A}} is defined so that ( K A ) n = K d = k d k a {\textstyle (K_{A})^{n}=K_{\rm {d}}={k_{\rm {d}} \over k_{\rm {a}}}} , this is also known as the microscopic dissociation constant and is the ligand concentration occupying half of the binding sites.
Biological responses to ligand concentrations typically follow a sigmoidal function. The inflection point at which the increase in response with increasing ligand concentration begins to slow is the EC 50, which can be mathematically determined by derivation of the best-fit line.
If, however, the updated parameters do not result in a decrease of the objective function, that is, if divergence occurs, the increment calculation must be modified. The simplest modification is to use a fraction, f, of calculated increment, so-called shift-cutting. + = +
That’s where these online calculators can come in handy — they do tricky math for you. Luckily, there are a lot of great online resources with free TDEE calculators, including ours.
Key takeaways. Debt-service coverage ratio (DSCR) looks at a company's cash flow versus its debts. The ratio is used when gauging a business's ability to pay off current loans and take on future ...
Likewise, it is used to calculate lipophilic efficiency in evaluating the quality of research compounds, where the efficiency for a compound is defined as its potency, via measured values of pIC 50 or pEC 50, minus its value of log P. [27] Drug permeability in brain capillaries (y axis) as a function of partition coefficient (x axis) [28]