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A historiated initial (the letter O) from an illuminated manuscript. In a written or published work, an initial [a] is a letter at the beginning of a word, a chapter, or a paragraph that is larger than the rest of the text. The word is ultimately derived from the Latin initiālis, which means of the beginning.
A source text [1] [2] is a text (sometimes oral) from which information or ideas are derived. In translation , a source text is the original text that is to be translated into another language . Description
Machine translation is use of computational techniques to translate text or speech from one language to another, including the contextual, idiomatic and pragmatic nuances of both languages. Early approaches were mostly rule-based or statistical. These methods have since been superseded by neural machine translation [1] and large language models ...
A logic translation is a translation of a text into a logical system. For example, translating the sentence "all skyscrapers are tall" as ∀ x ( S ( x ) → T ( x ) ) {\displaystyle \forall x(S(x)\to T(x))} is a logic translation that expresses an English language sentence in the logical system known as first-order logic .
Put text in small caps: set: Insert question mark: sp: Spell out: Used to indicate that an abbreviation should be spelled out, such as in its first use stet: Let it stand: Indicates that proofreading marks should be ignored and the copy unchanged tr: transpose: Transpose the two words selected wf: Wrong font: Put text in correct font ww [3 ...
Besides its most common meaning as the first letter of any word or name, an initial is a letter at the beginning of a written work, a chapter or a paragraph that is larger than the rest of the text and often decorative. Initial may also refer to: Initial (linguistics), part of a syllable that precedes the syllable nucleus in phonetics and ...
The idea of machine translation later appeared in the 17th century. In 1629, René Descartes proposed a universal language, with equivalent ideas in different tongues sharing one symbol. [9] In the mid-1930s the first patents for "translating machines" were applied for by Georges Artsrouni, for an automatic bilingual dictionary using paper tape.
A gloss is a notation regarding the main text in a document. Shown is a parchment page from the Royal Library of Copenhagen. A gloss is a brief notation, especially a marginal or interlinear one, of the meaning of a word or wording in a text. It may be in the language of the text or in the reader's language if that is different.