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X-ray diffraction computed tomography is an experimental technique that combines X-ray diffraction with the computed tomography data acquisition approach. X-ray diffraction (XRD) computed tomography (CT) was first introduced in 1987 by Harding et al. [ 1 ] using a laboratory diffractometer and a monochromatic X-ray pencil beam .
1937 stamps of South Africa. The first stamp of the Union of South Africa was a 2 1 ⁄ 2 d stamp issued on 4 November 1910. [2] [3] It portrayed the Monarch King George V and the arms of the four British colonies which formed the Union: Cape Colony, Natal, Orange River Colony and Transvaal. Most South African stamps issued between 1926 and ...
The rand replaced the pound with a decimal currency: 100 cents (100c) = 1 rand (R1), 1 rand being valued at 10 shillings and 1 cent at 1.2 pence. The coins bore the forward-facing portrait of Jan van Riebeeck on the obverse. [1] The initial circulation coins of the Republic were the following: [2] 1 ⁄ 2 cent (approximately replaced 1 ⁄ 2 d ...
X-ray diffraction is a generic term for phenomena associated with changes in the direction of X-ray beams due to interactions with the electrons around atoms. It occurs due to elastic scattering , when there is no change in the energy of the waves.
[1] 1937 1½p stamp. Stamps issued by the Union of South Africa were used from 1914 until 1953. The first stamps inscribed "South West Africa" were issued bilingually in English and Afrikaans (Suidwes Afrika) on 1 January 1923. From 1970, the abbreviation "SWA" was in general use. [2] However, some postmarks featured German as well as Afrikaans ...
X-ray diffraction (XRD) is still the most used method for structural analysis of chemical compounds. Yet, with increasing detail on the relation of K β {\displaystyle K_{\beta }} -line spectra and the surrounding chemical environment of the ionized metal atom, measurements of the so-called valence-to-core (V2C) energy region become ...
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An X-ray diffraction pattern of a crystallized enzyme. The pattern of spots (reflections) and the relative strength of each spot (intensities) can be used to determine the structure of the enzyme. The relative intensities of the reflections provides information to determine the arrangement of molecules within the crystal in atomic detail.