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Wind power showed potential for replacing natural gas in electricity generation on a cost basis. By 2021 wind energy produced 4872 terawatts-hour, 2.8% of the total primary energy production [51] and 6.6% of the total electricity production. [52] Technological innovations continue to drive new developments in the application of wind power.
A windmill is a structure that converts wind power into rotational energy using vanes called sails or blades, by tradition specifically to mill grain , but in some parts of the English-speaking world, the term has also been extended to encompass windpumps, wind turbines, and other applications.
The energy needed to build a wind farm divided into the total output over its life, Energy Return on Energy Invested, of wind power varies, but averages about 20–25. [ 85 ] [ 86 ] Thus, assuming a useful lifespan of 20-25 years, the energy payback time is typically around one year.
Wind turbine – a turbine that converts wind energy into mechanical energy. Windmill – a machine which converts the energy of wind into rotational energy by means of vanes called sails or blades. Windpump – a windmill used for pumping water, either as a source of fresh water from wells, or for draining low-lying areas of land.
Iowa is the leading state in terms of wind energy accounting for nearly 40% of total energy production in 2019. The Alta Wind Energy Center (1,020 MW) in California is the nation's largest wind farm in terms of capacity. Altamont Pass Wind Farm is the largest wind farm in the U.S. in terms of the number of individual turbines. [112]
Latvia's wind capacity grew by 75%, the largest percent increase in 2022. [3] In November 2018, wind power generation in Scotland was higher than the country's electricity consumption during the month. [5] Wind power's share of worldwide electricity usage in 2022 was 7.3%, up from 8.9% from the prior year. [3]
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The United States, though, has very large offshore wind energy resources due to strong, consistent winds off the long U.S. coastline. [54] The 2011 NREL report, Large-Scale Offshore Wind Power in the United States, analyzes the current state of the offshore wind energy industry. According to the report, offshore wind resource development would ...