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Originally the Concept of Justice within the Qur’an was a broad term that applied to the individual. Over time, Islamic thinkers thought to unify political, legal and social justice which made Justice a major interpretive theme within the Qur'an. Justice can be seen as the exercise of reason and free will or the practice of judgment and responsibility.
Terms associated with right-doing in Islam include: Akhlaq (Arabic: أخلاق) is the practice of virtue, morality and manners in Islamic theology and falsafah ().The science of ethics (`Ilm al-Akhlaq) teaches that through practice and conscious effort man can surpass their natural dispositions and natural state to become more ethical and well mannered.
The term simply meant "behavior" in pre-Islamic Arabia, although it included other norms and habits of conduct. The term does not appear very often in the 7th century (1st Islamic century). With the spread of Islam, it acquired a meaning of "practical ethics" (rather than directly religious strictures) around the 8th century.
According to the Quran, it is the individual and universal duty of Muslims to protect the human merits and virtues of others. [12] Life in the Quran is attributed tremendous value, in fact, the Quran says that " whoever slays a soul, it is as though he slew all men; and whoever keeps it alive, it is as though he kept alive all men;". [13]
Some other traditions presented by al-Tabari and al-Qurtubi (d. 671/1272) identify those in authority in the verse of obedience as religious scholars, [1] while another group identifies them as Muhammad's companions, [3] or the first two caliphs after Muhammad, namely, Abu Bakr (r. 632–634) and Umar (r. 634–644). [1]
Respecting and obeying one's parents has been made a religious obligation, and ill-treatment to them is forbidden in Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic tradition. With regard to the rights of parents, the Quranic injunction is to behave well with them , to take care of them especially in their old age, not to be rude to them, and to show highest ...
However, the verses are vague and do not speak of Sharia/God's law. According to Michael Cook, "a trend" in early exegesis ( tafsir ) indicated the duty referred to affirming the basic message of Islam—and so commanded only the "unity of God" and "veracity" of his prophet, and forbade polytheism and denial of Muhammad's prophethood.
Islamic governance is the approach to leading Islamic nations and guiding their communities and organizations, all in line with the fundamental principles of Islam. [1] It can be viewed as a governance model that integrates Islamic values into the realms of administration, rule, management, and government.